Question 1:
Question 2
Use traceroute to trace the route to any two IP
addresses on the campus network. Explain each line in the output.
C:\>tracert
www.york.cuny.edu
Tracing route to sun3.york.cuny.edu [198.61.16.7]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 1 ms
4 ms 2 ms dlinkrouter.nyc.rr.com [192.168.0.1]
2 54 ms
30 ms 25 ms cpe-24-90-36-1.nyc.res.rr.com [24.90.36.1]
3 14 ms
10 ms 15 ms gig-2-22-nycmnyu-rtr01.nyc.rr.com
[24.168.137.81]
4 17
ms 13 ms 15 ms
agg34.nyquny9101r.nyc.rr.com [184.152.112.83]
5 25 ms
14 ms 13 ms ae-3-0.cr0.nyc20.tbone.rr.com [66.109.6.76]
6 14 ms
11 ms 12 ms 107.14.17.169
7 14 ms
14 ms 13 ms xe-4-2-0.edge4.frankfurt1.level3.net
[4.68.63.121]
8 28 ms
21 ms 21 ms ae-31-51.ebr1.Newark1.Level3.net
[4.69.156.30]
9 18 ms
17 ms 34 ms ae-10-10.ebr2.NewYork1.Level3.net
[4.69.132.97]
10 22 ms
20 ms 21 ms ae-92-92.csw4.NewYork1.Level3.net [4.69.148.46]
11 18 ms
19 ms 21 ms ae-91-91.ebr1.NewYork1.Level3.net
[4.69.134.77]
12 21 ms
21 ms 21 ms ae-1-8.bar2.Boston1.Level3.net [4.69.140.97]
13 17 ms
18 ms 20 ms CWIE-LLC.bar2.Boston1.Level3.net [4.53.54.6]
14 19 ms
20 ms 19 ms xe-1-0-0.nycmnyzrj42.lightower.net
[72.22.160.152]
15 23 ms
25 ms 18 ms 64.72.64.110.available.lightower.net
[64.72.64.110]
16 17 ms
21 ms 21 ms ae3-nycmnyaaj41.lightower.net [72.22.160.172]
17 22 ms
21 ms 19 ms 162.220.40.254.lightower.net [162.220.40.254]
18 *
* * Request timed out.
19 *
* * Request timed out.
20 *
* * Request timed out.
21 *
* * Request timed out.
22 *
* * Request timed out.
23 *
* * Request timed out.
24 *
* * Request timed out.
25 *
* * Request timed out.
26 *
* * Request timed out.
27 *
* * Request timed out.
28 *
* * Request timed out.
29 *
* * Request timed out.
30 *
* * Request timed out.
Trace complete.
Expalnation
Ø The
format of each line is Hop RTT1 RTT2 RTT3 Domain Name [IP Address]
Ø The
first line represents my home router (my public Ip address).
Ø The
next lines represent my ISP, and each line further down represents a router
that’s further away.
Ø The
number on the left hand side shows that whenever a packet is passed between a
routers it will take how many hops (router) before that packet reached www.york.cuny.edu
servers.
Ø We can see that it takes 17 hops to reach www.york.cuny.edu
servers from my current location, but it checked upto maximum of 30 hops to
find out if there is any other route between.
Ø It also shows you the domain name or Ip address
of a router.
Ø *** means there is no information provided may
be because of unknown router
C:\>tracert www.cunyfirst.com
Tracing route to www.cunyfirst.com [69.43.161.177]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
1 2 ms
3 ms 9 ms dlinkrouter.nyc.rr.com [192.168.0.1]
2 37 ms
11 ms 32 ms cpe-24-90-36-1.nyc.res.rr.com [24.90.36.1]
3 16 ms
12 ms 13 ms gig-2-22-nycmnyu-rtr01.nyc.rr.com
[24.168.137.81]
4 18 ms
15 ms 31 ms agg34.nyquny9101r.nyc.rr.com [184.152.112.83]
5 17 ms
19 ms 17 ms ae-3-0.cr0.nyc20.tbone.rr.com [66.109.6.76]
6 14 ms
12 ms 13 ms 107.14.17.216
7 12 ms
16 ms 15 ms 209.220.18.33.ptr.us.xo.net [209.220.18.33]
8 92 ms
95 ms 96 ms vb2000d1.rar3.washington-dc.us.xo.net
[207.88.13.62]
9 95 ms
125 ms 85 ms 207.88.12.99.ptr.us.xo.net [207.88.12.99]
10 90 ms
147 ms 138 ms 207.88.12.128.ptr.us.xo.net [207.88.12.128]
11 111 ms
90 ms 92 ms 207.88.12.96.ptr.us.xo.net [207.88.12.96]
12 98 ms
90 ms 100 ms ae0d0.mcr2.sandiego-ca.us.xo.net
[216.156.0.126]
13 84 ms
85 ms 89 ms 216.55.27.26
14 104 ms
84 ms 88 ms te5-4-6509-a.castleaccess.com [69.43.169.80]
15 118 ms
85 ms 83 ms 69.43.129.188
16 116 ms
87 ms 87 ms 69.43.161.177
Trace complete.
Expalnation
Ø The
format of each line is Hop RTT1 RTT2 RTT3 Domain Name [IP Address]
Ø The
first line represents your home router (assuming you’re behind a router).
Ø The
next lines represent your ISP, and each line further down represents a router
that’s further away.
Ø The
number on the left hand side shows that whenever a packet is passed between a
routers it will take how many hops (router) before that packet reached www.cunyfirst.com servers.
Ø We can see that it takes 16 hops to reach www.cunyfirst.com
servers from my current location.
Ø It also shows you the domain name or Ip address
of a router.
Question 3
Use traceroute to any dotcom website hosted in your home
country. This might not work from
campus because traceroute is blocked by the firewall so try
at home. Copy all IP addresses in the
trace and do a web search "where is <IP
address>". Note and write geographic route your
query took
Answer
C:\>tracert -d www.yahoo.com
Tracing route to ds-any-fp3-real.wa1.b.yahoo.com
[98.139.180.149]
over a maximum of 30 hops:
Hop RTT1 RTT2 RTT3 [IP Address] LOCATION
1 2 ms
2 ms 2 ms 192.168.0.1 NEW
YORK
2 30 ms
26 ms 28 ms 24.90.36.1 NEW YORK
3 14 ms
16 ms 13 ms 24.168.137.81 NEW YORK
4 13 ms
14 ms 14 ms 184.152.112.83 VIRGINIA
5 18 ms
23 ms 16 ms 66.109.6.76 WASHGINTON
6 14 ms
12 ms 30 ms 107.14.17.216 WASHGINTON
7 13 ms
18 ms 20 ms 209.220.18.33 CALIFORNIA
8 15 ms
11 ms 13 ms 209.220.18.22 CALIFORNIA
9 25
ms 27 ms 22 ms
216.115.96.65 CALIFORNIA
10 33
ms 50 ms 24 ms 216.115.100.31 CALIFORNIA
11 29
ms 22 ms 28 ms 98.139.129.171 CALIFORNIA
12 27 ms 25 ms
27 ms 98.139.128.103 CALIFORNIA
13 24 ms
22 ms 27 ms 98.139.129.211 CALIFORNIA
14 21
ms 24 ms 27 ms
98.139.180.149 CALIFORNIA
Trace complete:
Question 4
Socket Programming
Question 4 needs to be more elaborate
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