Week One Assignments.

Acronym Definitons:

HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a set of  structured text that uses logical links between nodes containing text for the exchange and transfer of information via client and server. It operates using a request-response protocol meaning that when a client sends a request for information, the server immediately responds back to the user providing him with the data he requested. One example of this is the World Wide Web where any user in any location can request information about a certain product by requesting it on the internet.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is a simple protocol that allows a user to send an e-mail across networks. When an user sends out an e-mail, SMTP turns the e-mail into a string of text, separated by code words or numbers, which allows the email server software to understand what they mean. However this only applies when an user is sending out a message. When it comes to receiving a message, POP or IMAP is usually used therefore you need to specify both the POP or IMAP server and the SMTP server when you configure your e-mail application.

Source: http://whatismyipaddress.com/smtp

RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) is designed for the end-to-end, real-time, transfer of stream data over IP networks. It is considered as the primary standard for audio / video transport and has a guarantee that the data that is being transmitted is transferred quickly without the loss of any data. 

Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_Transport_Protocol

DNS(Domain Name System) is an essential component of the functionality of the Internet because the Internet is really based on the IP addresses of an website instead of the actual domain name. Hence the DNS is an internet server that translates the domain names of a website into numerical IP addresses. When an user enters www.google.co, the DNS translates it into an numerical IP address such as 123.456.78.90 for the Internet to recognize.

Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System

TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) provides a delivery of stream of octets between a client and server that is reliable, ordered, and error-free. It is used in the transportation of not only e-mails but also in the transfer of various data because of it's reliability. Because of it's reliability, TCP is often slower hence not suited for real-time applications.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

UDP(User Datagram Protocol) operates in a similar manner as TCP but unlike TCP's reliablity, UDP does not guarantee the integrity of the message sent and provides very little error recovery services. Instead it provides a direct way to send and receive datagrams over an IP address. UDP is used when the timing of the message received is more important the data of the message because of it's speed and simplicity.

Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol

IP(Internet Protocol) is responsible for providing an addresses to every specific location and also is responsible for the transportation of datagrams from one location to another location. It has two main functions which includes recognizing the source of the IP address and providing the destination of the outgoing IP address.

Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol

ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol) relays the message that arises due to an error in connection. It is used primarily for diagnostic or control purposes. If an error occurs between a client and an user for some reason, ICMP will send an error message back to the source.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Control_Message_Protocol

DSL(Digital Subscriber Line) is family of technology that provides internet access to an user by transmitting data through telephone lines. DSL service is delivered simultaneously along side with wired telephone service on the same telephone line to enable that an user does not have to disconnect or reconnect their wires if they want internet or phone service privileges.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line

SONET(Synchronous Optical NETwork) works alongside the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy which allows for the transfer of digital data with the assistance of lasers or LEDs. It allows the transmission of an enormous amount ranging from 51.8 Mbps to 50 Gbps. 

Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_optical_networking

802.11 is an access control allows for an over-the-air interface between a wireless client and a base station or between two or more wireless clients. To simplify things, it is a router. There have been many changes to the previous models whilst some versions are improvements of previous ones, others have a special purposes different from the other models.

Source:  http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/8/802_11.html

Ethernet is a wire that allows for a wired connection between any device that has an ethernet port to a router for a transfer of data or internet connection. It can reach speeds up 100 Gigabytes. It also provides  error-checking in order to retransmit data that was damaged or lost. The protocol used is CSMA/CD, which stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection.

Source:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

 


Question 1:

(To be handed in on Monday)

Question 2:

(To be completed on Monday)

Question 3:

The website that I chose to traceroute for this question was www.viewnepal.net

IP Address                                             Location
74.65.240.1                                United States, New York, Ridgewood
24.168.135.53                              United States, New York, New York City
184.152.112.131                            United States, Virginia, Herndon
107.14.19.24                               United States, Indiana, Indianapolis
107.14.17.220                              United States, Washington, Seattle
209.51.175.37                              United States, California, Fremont
184.105.223.161                            United States, Illinois, Chicago
72.52.92.234                               United States, Colorado, Denver
184.105.222.154                            United States, Utah, Salt Lake City
66.160.133.118                             United States, California, Fremont
199.58.199.118                             United States, Utah, Prov
69.195.64.132                              United States, Utah, Prov
198.1.71.193                               United States, Utah, Prov