Lab #1 - Assignment Questions 1-4

1. Sketch a small network, for example your home network. Label all links, routers 

    and hosts. The type of each link (wired or wireless, bluetooth, wifi, 3G or 4G) 

    should be evident from the picture (e.g., through solid or dotted line etc). 

2. Use traceroute to trace the route to any two IP addresses on the campus network. 
    Explain each line in the output.
    
    First IP address on campus : 172.16.42.10 (wired).
    I traced www.york.cuny.edu (198.61.16.7) on this IP address over a maximum hops
    of 30.
    1     < 1ms     < 1ms     < 1ms     172.16.42.10

    2     < 1ms     < 1ms     < 1ms     192.168.42.101
    3     < 1ms     < 1ms     < 1ms     198.61.16.7
    - Trace Complete -

   Second IP address on campus : 172.20.0.1 (wireless).
   I traced www.york.cuny.edu (198.61.16.7) on this IP address over a maximum hops
   of 30.
   1        1ms     < 1ms        1ms     172.20.0.1
   2        5ms        1ms        1ms     172.16.20.1
   3        3ms        1ms        2ms     198.61.16.7
   - Trace Complete -

   Looking at both of the IP addresses, they both took 3 hops to reach the destination. If
   you take a look at the first one, the time intervals between data sent and received is less 
   than 1ms. This is due to the connection being wired to the campus network. The second
   IP address on the other hand, was a wireless connection. Therefore, you can see that the 
   time intervals between data sent and received between each hop is more than the first IP 
   address. This is because there wasn’t a direct connection to the network, it was wireless 
   and had more distance to travel to retrieve the information.

3. Use traceroute to any dotcom website hosted in your home country. This might not work 
    from campus because traceroute is blocked by the firewall so try at home. Then copy all IP
    addresses in the trace and do a web search "where is <IP address>". Note and write or draw 
    the geographic route your query took.

    The dotcom website I decided to trace was: www.cricbuzz.com

           IP Address                    Location
           192.***.*.*                    United States, New York, Flushing
           10.49.32.1                    Private Network
           208.59.246.2            United States, Kansas
           207.172.15.85            United States, Kansas
           198.32.160.27            United States, Kansas

           173.192.18.132                    United States, Texas, Dallas

           173.192.18.136                    United States, Texas, Dallas
           173.192.18.211                    United States, Texas, Dallas
           66.228.118.214                    United States, Texas, Dallas
           208.43.207.2            United States, Texas, Dallas

4.  #include <sys/socket.h> // Core BSD socket functions and data structures.
     #include <netinet/in.h> // AF_INET and AF_INET6 address families and their corresponding
                                               protocol families PF_INET and P_INET6.
     #include <arpa/inet.h> // Functions for manipulating numeric IP addresses.
     #include <netdb.h> // Name Resolution.